Information Technology

End user computing is the direct,hands on use of computers by end users to perform the information processing needed to accomplish their work activities. End user computing has grown dramatically because information services departments have not been able to keep up with the information processing requests of end users. Also dramatic improvements in micro computer  hardware and software capabilities have made personal computing attractive , affordable and effective for end users in many organizations. End user computing application areas include Office Automation,Information Management and retrieval, decision support and application development. An end user computing system consists of hardware ,software, people and data resources. Hard ware resources include: microcomputer workstations,  local area network servers,  departmental minicomputers   corporate mainframes.  Software resources consist of  application packages,  fourth generation languages  application d

Brief Background UML is a language for specifying,visualizing ,documenting and constructing the artifacts of software systems,as well as for business modeling and other non-software systems. UML has been developed by Grady  Booch, James Rumbaugh and Ivar Jacobson. Goals of UML are : To model systems using Object oriented concepts. To establish an explicit coupling to conceptual as well as executable artifacts To address the issues of scale inherent in complex , mission critical systems. To create a modeling language that can be used by humans as well as machines.  Understanding the thirteen diagrams of UML 2.x is an important part of understanding OO development. Although there is  far more to modeling than just the UML  the reality is the UML defines the standard modeling artifacts when it comes to object technology. There are three classifications of UML diagrams: Behavior diagrams . A type of diagram that depicts behavioral features of a system or business

Why use a LAN? The two basic reasons for developing a LAN are information sharing and resource sharing. Information sharing refers to business needs that require users to access the same data files ,exchange emails or search the internet for information. Resource sharing refers to one computer sharing a hardware device (for e.g a printer) or software package with other computers on the network. The main benefit of resource sharing is cost savings, while the main benefit  of information sharing is improved decision making. image courtesy Cray Networks Dedicated Server versus Peer-to-Peer Networks A dedicated server LAN has one computer that acts as the network server. It can connect with almost any other network,handle very large databases and use sophisticated LAN software. Moreover,high -end dedicated server LANs can be interconnected easily to form enterprise wide networks or in some cases replace the host mainframe central computer. Four common types of dedicated ser

The issues that confront us in relation to securing electronic transactions are : Confidentiality Integrity Availability Authenticity Non-repudiability Auditability Confidentaility Information should be protected from being read by external hackers or unauthorized internal users. It should be also safe while being transmitted on the network and make data unintelligible even if someone gets access to it. The content should be sent deciphered so that none other than the person who has the transformation algorithm can read it. Integrity Sometimes the message might be read and modified on its path. It should be possible to generate an alert on any modification -addition or deletion of the original content. Proper mechanisms are necessary to ensure end-to-end message content and copy authentication. Availability The information that is being stored or transmitted across communication networks should be available whenever required and to whatever extent as desired wi

Electronic Commerce increases Profits : Electronic commerce increases sales and decrease costs. Advertising on the web reaches all the users of that website. A firm can use the web to reach communities which are scattered geographically. The web's natural advantage is that it is low cost medium for disseminating information and processing transaction. for e.g the cost of advertising on the web is much less as compared to advertising in a newspaper. Another benefit of web based commerce is that information based industries excel here. A virtual organisation increases efficiency through the automation of processes. The cost of handling sales inquiries and determining product availability can be reduced with the help of e-commerce in the marketing process of the business. E-commerce increases the speed and accuracy with which businesses can exchange information which reduces costs on both sides of transactions. Another Advantage of e-commerce is

For creating a web site that is effective,the following objectives should be considered: To attract visitors to the Web site. To make the site interesting so that the visitor stay and explore. To persuade the visitors to follow the site's links to obtain information. To create the desired image of the organisation in the visitors mind. To reinforce positive images that the visitor may already have about the organisation. Why do Visitors arrive at a  Web site: To obtain general information about the company or organisation. Learning about the company's products or services. Buying the products and services offered by the company. Finding  out the services conditions and warranties applicable for the products they have purchased. Obtaining financial information helpful in making investment or credit granting decision. Identifying the people who manage the company or organisation.   Business should try to meet the following goals while constructing their

 HTML HTML is one of the fundamental technologies that the Web is built upon. HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites. HTML allows images and objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. It can embed scripts written in languages such as JavaScript which affect the behavior of HTML web pages. These features will help developers and businesses better engage with their customers.  JavaScript JavaScript is a part of the fabric of the Web. It is a multi-paradigm language, supporting object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles. Its an interpreted computer programming language and allows client-side scripts to interact with the user, control the browser, communicate asynchronously, and alter the document content that is displayed. It has also become common in ser